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Haiti, the Caribbean country with a rich and unmatched historyHaïti
Haiti, the Caribbean country with a rich and unmatched history
Haïti
  • January 08, 2025
  • | 1

Haiti, the Caribbean country with a rich and unmatched history

Haïti is this small Caribbean country whose almost entire history is made up of great atrocities and a more than fabulous feat that a group of men had to accomplish for their own survival. The country was born at the heart of a story of resistance, of great importance and unparalleled in certain aspects, which can be proudly told to the rest of the world.

Haiti’s history is capable of awakening in any man, strong feelings against any form of injustice, with the power to inspire the revolt of the weakest against any criminal tendency of injustice. In this regard, it would be appropriate to consider Haïti as a great country, given the richness of its history. Although the country has gone through difficult times at certain points in its past and has a present with dark spots in some of its areas, it remains, nonetheless, the country of Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, and Alexandre Pétion (father of Pan-Americanism). And above all, a country with a rich history, capable of competing with the richest histories of the world.

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The arrival of Christopher Columbus

The arrival of Christopher Columbus on the island of Hispaniola coincided with the landing of barbarism and genocide in the lives of the essentially peaceful indigenous peoples who populated the American continent before 1492. The brutal reign of the French colonists, after the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, which ceded the western part of Hispaniola to them, is a notable black mark in this part of Haiti’s history. For the French colonists are largely responsible for the transatlantic slave trade. They were the first to decide to go to Africa, seize the Blacks, and bring them to the slave fields of Saint-Domingue. These fields, places of torment for the minds of the Blacks of that era, were where the most abominable atrocities prevailed everywhere, in everything. It is also important to note that the indigenous peoples, unable to withstand the inhuman barbarism of slavery, were the first victims of this evil system. It was to replace them that the Blacks were brought to the American continent, as they had suffered a genocide perpetrated by the European colonists.

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The resistance of Toussaint and the triumph of Dessalines

The Haitian Revolution, culminating in the glorious victory of 1804, saw important leaders at its helm. Among them, we can mention Makandal and Bookman. But the genius of Toussaint Louverture, combined with the success of Dessalines, crowned these great names in the most beautiful way. Indeed, although Toussaint Louverture died in France before the Haitian victory of 1804, he was the precursor of the Haitian Revolution, remaining a name the world associates with military genius. Dessalines, for his part, completed Toussaint’s legacy with his charisma, leadership, and pragmatism, leading the triumph of freedom and life in Saint-Domingue. He carried the flame of liberty to lands where the blood of the Blacks had historically flowed, where barbarism and the dirtiest depravity humanity had ever known over such a long period took root. This refers to the 400 years of slavery perpetrated by a race of men at the expense of another part of humanity, which resembles it despite some small nuances of difference.

Jean-Jacques Dessalines, leader of the Haitian Revolution

In the annals of the history of Haiti, an island located in the Caribbean at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico and shared with the Dominican Republic, Jean-Jacques Dessalines emerges like a phoenix from the ashes of oppression. Born a slave on September 20, 1758 in the home of Henri Duclos, in Cormier (Grande-Rivière-du-Nord), in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, Dessalines was a Creole of African (Afro-Caribbean) origin. Freed during the 1794 abolition achieved through slave revolts, actually served as an officer in the French army during the French Revolution. At that time, the ideas of freedom and equality were at the heart of the concerns of the inhabitants of the colonies. Dessalines actively participated in the fighting against the Spanish and British forces, alongside the French, in Santo Domingo. Having risen to the rank of Lieutenant General, Jean-Jacques Dessalines turned against the French during the Leclerc expedition, sent to Saint-Domingue by Bonaparte to reestablish colonial authority and slavery during the Haitian Revolution. After the capture and deportation of Toussaint Louverture to France on June 7, 1802, Dessalines assumed a leading role in continuing the struggle for independence. He led numerous battles, including the battle of Crête-à-Pierrot in March 1802, where he galvanized his soldiers with his famous declaration: “Let those who want to remain slaves of the French leave the fort, let those, on the contrary, who want to die as free men, line up around me.” On January 1, 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines achieved the long-awaited goal of independence by proclaiming Haïti as a sovereign nation, becoming the second country in the Americas to gain independence from a colonial power. He became the first leader of the newly formed nation and was named Emperor under the name James I. However, his imperial reign was marked by authoritarian and brutal policies, including the massacre of many white settlers and the redistribution of land to peasants that was in the hands of the generals of the independence army. In addition, he organized the hunt for delinquents in the city while implementing rigorous agrarian policies, considering that they represented a threat to the stability of the nation, these controversial actions caused divisions within Haitian society. Dessalines was assassinated on October 17, 1806 following a plot organized by some of his generals in the Haitian army. His death marked the end of his brief but influential period in power. Despite the controversies surrounding his methods, he is recognized as the main architect of Haiti’s independence and his name was honored in 1903 by being attributed to the Haitian national anthem, La Dessalinienne, composed by Justin Lhérisson.Finally, the great visionary man Jean Jacques Dessalines remains an emblematic figure in the history of Haiti, recognized for his role in the fight for independence and the end of slavery in the region.

The celebration of January 1, 1804

On the heels of the great triumph of Vertières, after decades of struggle, the enslaved masses, heavily trampled by the heavily armed chains that framed the barbarism of slavery, finally triumphed and freed themselves from their unparalleled suffering. Moreover, Dessalines, at their head, agreed to lend a hand to other countries in the region in their struggle for freedom. The help given by the first Haitian emperor to Miranda can testify to this. Furthermore, the Haitian Revolution remains the most complete of its time. It was the only one to be both anti-colonial, anti-racist, and bitterly opposed to the muddy shame of slavery. Not to mention the fact that Dessalines officially declared free every human being subjected to slavery who reached Haitian shores.

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Moise Francois

Journalist editor, poet and apprentice lawyer.

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Here are five compelling reasons why you should definitely visit Haiti’s beaches

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History

History

First black nation to free itself from slavery and gain independence from France in 1804 and influenced other liberation movements around the world, inspiring struggles for freedom and equality.

Natural beauty

Natural beauty

Haïti is blessed with spectacular natural landscapes, including white sand beaches, mountains and rich biodiversity.

Heritage

Heritage

Haïti has a rich historical heritage, including sites like the Citadelle Laferrière and the Sans-Souci Palace, listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Culture

Culture

Haïti has a rich and diverse culture, influenced by African, European and indigenous elements. Haitian music, dance, art and cuisine are celebrated around the world.